Luto perinatal e o impacto na saúde mental parental: uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2024.v14.1350Palavras-chave:
natimorto, luto perinatal, perda perinatalResumo
Introdução: A perda de um filho é uma experiência devastadora, principalmente no período perinatal, com especificidades que a tornam única. Há um importante impacto financeiro no sistema de saúde, com aumento do risco de surgimento de luto complicado e transtornos mentais graves, incluindo tentativas de autoextermínio. Apesar dos avanços na compreensão do enlutamento perinatal, os pais relatam se sentirem silenciados e estigmatizados no processo. Método: Revisão narrativa sobre luto perinatal e seu impacto na saúde mental dos pais, a partir de busca dos principais estudos nas plataformas PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase e Cochrane com os descritores “perinatal grief”, “perinatal loss”, “miscarriage”, "stillbirth'', “TOPFA”, “neonatal death” e “anxiety”, ”depression” ou “PTSD”. Resultados: O luto perinatal é privado de direitos sociais, com ausência de suporte do parceiro e da rede de apoio social como principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais. Possui como características principais a perda do próprio senso de identidade, do papel parental e do senso de ser um ente feminino reprodutor. Apresenta sentimentos e pensamentos ruminativos disfuncionais relacionados a culpa e autopiedade, medo, decepção, raiva, fracasso e de inveja de outras mulheres poderem gerar um filho, além da percepção de ter sido traída pelo seu próprio corpo. A prevalência de transtornos mentais varia amplamente na literatura entre 8.6% e 49%, sendo os principais: depressão, ansiedade e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Conclusão: O luto perinatal representa uma experiência devastadora e única, com impactos significativos na saúde mental dos pais. A falta de suporte social, a perda de identidade e os riscos de transtornos mentais ressaltam a necessidade urgente de uma abordagem mais capacitada por parte dos profissionais de saúde mental. É fundamental que haja um acolhimento e tratamento adequados, visando mitigar os impactos psicossociais e econômicos desse processo desafiador para essas famílias.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Marta Neves de Oliveira Freire, Jerônimo Mendes Ribeiro, Igor Emanuel Vasconcelos e Martins Gomes, Sarah Cristina Zanghellini Rückl, Maria Angélica Antunes Nunes, Christiane Carvalho Ribeiro, Antônio Geraldo da Silva, Joel Rennó Junior
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