Manejo de emergências relacionadas à cannabis, seus derivados e canabinóides sintéticos: uma atualização
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2026.v16.1611Palavras-chave:
produtos derivados da cannabis, canabinóides sintéticos, intoxicação por canibinoides, psicose induzida por cannabis, cannabisResumo
Introdução: O consumo de cannabis e a disponibilidade de produtos derivados de cannabis de alta potência e canabinóides sintéticos aumentaram em todo o mundo, contribuindo para uma carga crescente de apresentações de emergência envolvendo intoxicação, agitação, psicose, complicações cardiovasculares e outros efeitos tóxicos agudos. Objetivo: Esta revisão teve como objetivo atualizar a abordagem clínica às emergências relacionadas com a cannabis, produtos derivados da cannabis e canabinóides sintéticos, ao mesmo tempo que uniformiza a terminologia nestas três categorias conceptualmente distintas. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão estruturada da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, EMBASE e Cochrane. Os estudos elegíveis incluíram revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos e estudos observacionais, sem restrições de idioma ou data de publicação. A estratégia de busca combinou vocabulário controlado e termos de texto livre relacionados a cannabis, canabinóides, intoxicação, envenenamento, atendimento de emergência, complicações psiquiátricas e manejo agudo. Resultados: A cannabis e os produtos derivados da cannabis estão associados a um amplo espectro de manifestações agudas, incluindo ansiedade, ataques de pânico, alteração da consciência, agitação psicomotora, síndrome de hiperêmese canabinóide e psicose induzida por cannabis. Preparações de alta potência, particularmente concentrados e produtos comestíveis, podem causar intoxicações retardadas, prolongadas ou mais graves. Os canabinoides sintéticos têm um perfil toxicológico mais imprevisível e potencialmente grave porque muitos atuam como agonistas completos dos receptores canabinoides, aumentando o risco de agitação grave, convulsões, psicose, instabilidade cardiovascular, lesão renal aguda e morte. O tratamento é principalmente de suporte e deve seguir um quadro emergencial A–B–C–D–E, com reavaliação clínica contínua, monitoramento cardiovascular e neurológico, correção de alterações metabólicas, benzodiazepínicos para agitação, ansiedade e convulsões, e antipsicóticos quando há sintomas psicóticos persistentes. Conclusão: As emergências relacionadas com a cannabis, os produtos derivados da cannabis e os canabinóides sintéticos requerem reconhecimento precoce, terminologia padronizada, avaliação clínica orientada para o risco e gestão médica, psiquiátrica e toxicológica integrada. Protocolos específicos são essenciais para melhorar o cuidado agudo, reduzir complicações e orientar estratégias de prevenção.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Leonardo Baldaçara, Gislene Alves da Rocha, Roberto Mendes dos Santos, Elie Leal de Barros Calfat, Quirino Cordeiro, Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva Meleiro, Lucas Alves Pereira
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