Data collection and analysis of familial recurrence of psychiatric disorders and other risk factors in schizophrenic patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2025.v15.1471Keywords:
Schizophrenia, Risk factors, familial recurrence, mental disorders during pregnancyAbstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, behavioral alterations, and cognitive deficits. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving interactions among genetic factors, neurochemical and neurostructural alterations, as well as environmental influences such as obstetric complications and substance use. In this context, family history emerges as a key risk indicator, reflecting the genetic contribution to individual vulnerability. Objective: To evaluate familial recurrence of psychiatric disorders and other risk factors in patients with schizophrenia attending the outpatient clinic at Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba. Method: This naturalistic study included 30 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, using a detailed questionnaire addressing family and gestational history, neuropsychomotor development, age at symptom onset, and substance use. Family pedigrees were constructed, and descriptive analyses, sex-based comparisons, and exploratory correlations were performed. Linear regression models were applied to examine associations between explanatory variables and clinical characteristics, including age at onset, exposure to risk factors, and family history. Results: The sample had a mean age of 34 years, with 53% female. Family history of psychiatric disorders was observed in 87% of patients, predominantly among first-degree relatives. Mental disorders during gestation were strongly associated with schizophrenia occurrence in patients. Additionally, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use were prevalent, alongside social difficulties and cognitive impairment linked to early disease onset. Among analyzed variables, maternal mental disorders during pregnancy were identified as a key factor influencing schizophrenia manifestation. Conclusion: Findings underscore the multifactorial nature of schizophrenia, highlighting the relevance of genetic, familial, gestational, and behavioral factors in clinical assessment. Understanding these elements contributes to appropriate patient management and preventive strategies in at-risk populations.
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