Novos alvos terapêuticos para o transtorno afetivo bipolar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2014.v4.247Palavras-chave:
transtorno bipolar, pesquisa médica translacional, plasticidade neuronalResumo
O transtorno bipolar (TB) é crônico e incapacitante, sendo clinicamente caracterizado por episódios recorrentes de mania (ou hipomania) e depressão, além de estados mistos. O TB está associado a um aumento do risco de suicídio e a uma elevada prevalência de co-morbidades médicas e psiquiátricas, além de morte prematura e disfunção cognitiva. Os tratamentos disponíveis para o TB são insuficientes para uma proporção significativa de pacientes. Diversos novos alvos terapêuticos vêm sendo explorados para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos com propriedades estabilizadoras do humor, incluindo: (1) a via da glicogênio sintase quinase 3 (GSK-3); (2) o via do fosfatidil-inositol e da proteína quinase C; (3) o fator de crescimento derivado do cérebro (BDNF); (4) as histonas deacetilases; (5) o sistema melatoninérgico; (6) fármacos anti-oxidantes e moduladores da função mitocondrial, além de (7) fármacos anti-inflamatórios. O presente artigo revisa o estado atual do conhecimento, além das dificuldades para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos para o TB dentro de uma perspectiva translacional. O desenvolvimento de estratégias integrativas que analisem dados dimensionais de alta precisão, mesclando dados “ômicos” através de técnicas de bioinformática são necessárias para uma melhor elucidação da fisiopatologia complexa do TB. Tais achados podem levar ao desenvolvimento de novos fármacos para o TB, além de um tratamento personalizado.
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