Continuity of mental health care from the users’ perspective: challenges in the transition between specialized care and primary care

Authors

  • Marcio Fernando da Silva Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-635X
  • Ciro Blujus dos Santos Rohde Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-7811
  • Hermano Tavares Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2026.v16.1665

Keywords:

mental health, continuity of patient care, primary health care, mental health services, patient discharge

Abstract

Introduction: The transition of mental health care between specialized services and Primary Health Care (PHC) poses a challenge for care continuity, particularly with longstanding relationships with tertiary services. Objective: To analyze the perceptions of users at a tertiary outpatient clinic specialized in impulse disorders regarding their treatment experience and care transition to PHC. Method: Exploratory qualitative study with complementary descriptive quantitative data, conducted with 14 users of the Integrated Outpatient Program for Impulse Disorders. Data were collected using instruments based on the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview and analyzed using Collective Subject Discourse and descriptive statistics. Research approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo Medical School (HCFMUSP), under Opinion No. 5734353 and CAAE No. 57902022.2.0000.0068. Results: Participants reported high treatment satisfaction, highlighting welcoming care, therapeutic bonding, symptom improvement, and family support. However, most expressed insecurity regarding care continuity in PHC, associated with perceived difficulties in access, professional availability, and medication supply. Conclusion: Mental health care transition involves relational and organizational dimensions beyond clinical stability. Shared discharge planning and inter-service coordination can promote care continuity and enhance user confidence.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Marcio Fernando da Silva, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

http://lattes.cnpq.br/9068177574726517 
Terapeuta ocupacional no Programa Ambulatorial Integrado dos Transtornos do Impulso (PRO-AMITI) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, IPq-HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Ciro Blujus dos Santos Rohde, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

http://lattes.cnpq.br/6074429593047006
Coordenador do Serviço de Acupuntura, Fitoterapia e Plantas Medicinais do PRO-MEV , Instituto de Psiquiatria do HC-FMUSP e colaborador do Irish College of Traditional and Integrative Medicine, onde é responsável pela disciplina Integrative Psychiatry, Knockeen, Ireland.

Hermano Tavares, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

http://lattes.cnpq.br/6074429593047006 
Docente, Departamento de Psiquiatria em Atenção Primária, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6632-2745

References

1. Castro MC, Massuda A, Almeida G, Menezes-Filho NA, Andrade MV, Noronha KVM, et al. Brazil's unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. Lancet. 2019;394(10195):345-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31243-7 PMid:31303318

2. Machado CV, Silva GA. Political struggles for a universal health system in Brazil: successes and limits in the reduction of inequalities. Glob Health. 2019;15(1):77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0523-5 PMid:31775903 PMCid:PMC6881910

3. Silva JAA, Costa EA, Lucchese G. SUS 30 anos: vigilância sanitária. Cien Saude Colet. 2018;23(6):1953-61. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018236.04972018 PMid:29972502

4. Moll MF, Goulart MB, Caprio AP, Ventura CAA, Ogoshi AACM. O conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre as redes de atenção à saúde. REUOL. 2017;11(1):86-93. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v11i1a11881p86-93-2017

5. Portela GZ. Atenção Primária à Saúde: um ensaio sobre conceitos aplicados aos estudos nacionais. Physis. 2017;27(2):255-76. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73312017000200005

6. Guedes BAP, Vale FLB, Sousa RMG, Costa AM, Araújo KS. A organização da atenção ambulatorial secundária na SESDF. Cien Saude Colet. 2019;24(6):2125-34. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018246.08632019 PMid:31269171

7. Gama CAP, Lourenço RF, Coelho VAA, Campos CG, Guimarães DA. Os profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde diante das demandas de saúde mental: perspectivas e desafios. Interface. 2021;25:e200438. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200438

8. Santos MM, Peradotto BC, Micheletti VCD, Treviso P. Transição do cuidado da atenção terciária para a atenção primária: revisão integrativa da literatura. Nursing. 2022;25(290):8173-82. https://doi.org/10.36489/nursing.2022v25i290p8173-8182

9. Stravogiannis ALC, Kim HS, Sophia EC, Sanches C, Zilberman ML, Tavares H. Pathological jealousy and pathological love: apples to apples or apples to oranges? Psychiatry Res. 2018;259:562-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.029 PMid:29179138

10. Kim HS, Christianini AR, Bertoni D, Oliveira MCM, Hodgins DC, Tavares H. Kleptomania and co-morbid addictive disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2017;250:35-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.048 PMid:28142063

11. Filomensky TZ, Tavares H. Compulsive buying disorder. In: el-Guebaly N, Carrà G, Galanter M, editors. Textbook of Addiction Treatment. Cham: Springer; 2020. p. 979-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36391-8_69

12. Oliveira E, Kim HS, Lacroix E, Vasques MF, Durante CR, Pereira D, Cabral JR, Bernstein PS, Garcia X, Ritchie EV, Tavares H. The clinical utility of food addiction: characteristics and psychosocial impairments in a treatment-seeking sample. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3388. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113388 PMid:33158105 PMCid:PMC7694167

13. Sá RRC, Coelho S, Parmar PK, Johnstone S, Kim HS, Tavares H. A systematic review of pharmacological treatments for Internet Gaming Disorder. Psychiatry Investig. 2023;20(8):696-706. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2022.0297 PMid:37559452 PMCid:PMC10460977

14. Scanavino MDT, Guirado AG, Marques JM, Amaral MLS, Messina B, Reis SC, Barros VB, Abdo CHN, Tavares H, Parsons JT. Treatment effects and adherence of sexually compulsive men in a randomized controlled trial of psychotherapy and medication. J Behav Addict. 2023;12(1):261-77. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2023.00004 PMid:36897612 PMCid:PMC10260211

15. Tang KTY, Kim HS, Hodgins DC, McGrath DS, Tavares H. Gambling disorder and comorbid behavioral addictions: demographic, clinical, and personality correlates. Psychiatry Res. 2020;284:112763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112763 PMid:31951870

16. Medeiros GC, Seger-Jacob L, Garreto AK, Kim HS, Coccaro EF, Tavares H. Aggression directed towards others vs. aggression directed towards the self: clinical differences between intermittent explosive disorder and nonsuicidal self-injury. Braz J Psychiatry. 2019;41(4):303-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0149 PMid:30843959 PMCid:PMC6804311

17. Petry NM, Zajac K, Ginley MK. Behavioral addictions as mental disorders: to be or not to be? Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2018;14:399-423. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045120 PMid:29734827 PMCid:PMC5992581

18. American Psychiatric Association. Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais: DSM-5 [Internet]. 5a ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2014. https://membros.analysispsicologia.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/DSM-V.pdf

19. Jebb AT, Ng V, Tay L. A review of key Likert scale development advances: 1999-2019. Front Psychol. 2021;12:637547. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637547 PMid:34017283 PMCid:PMC8129175

20. Dourado GB, Volpato GH, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Oltramari PVP, Fernandes TMF, Conti ACCF. Likert scale vs visual analog scale for assessing facial pleasantness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021;160(6):844-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.024 PMid:34593260

21. Lefevre F, Lefevre AMC. O sujeito coletivo que fala. Interface. 2006;10(20):517-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-32832006000200017

22. Lefevre F, Lefevre AMC, Marques MCC. Discurso do sujeito coletivo, complexidade e auto-organização. Cien Saude Colet. 2013;18(4):1193-202. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013000400027 PMid:23670391

23. Figueiredo MZA, Chiari BM, Goulart BNG. Discurso do sujeito coletivo: uma breve introdução à ferramenta de pesquisa qualiquantitativa. Disturb Comun. 2013;25(1):129-36. https://revistas.pucsp.br/index.php/dic/article/view/14931

24. Blasi PR, Hadjistavropoulos HJ, MacKenzie HM, Funk MH, Nickel NC, Sareen J. Transitioning patients from outpatient mental health services to primary care: a rapid literature review. Implement Res Pract. 2021;2:26334895211041294. https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895211041294 PMid:37089993 PMCid:PMC9981893

25. Jorge MSB, Pinto DM, Quinderé PHD, Pinto AGA, Sousa FSP, Cavalcante CMP. Promoção da saúde mental: tecnologias do cuidado, vínculo, acolhimento, corresponsabilização e autonomia. Cien Saude Colet. 2011;16(7):3051-60. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232011000800005 PMid:21808893

26. Dalmolin IS, Heidemann ITSB. Integrative and complementary practices in primary care: unveiling health promotion. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3277. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3162.3277 PMid:32520237 PMCid:PMC7282717

27. Hambleton IR, Caixeta R, Luciani S, Niederdeppe J, Hennis AJ. The rising burden of non-communicable diseases in the Americas and the impact of population aging: a secondary analysis of available data. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023;21:100483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2023.100483 PMid:37065858 PMCid:PMC10090658

28. Álvares J, Alves MCGP, Escuder MML, Almeida AM, Izidoro JB, Guerra AA Jr, Costa KS, Costa EA, Guibu IA, Soeiro OM, Leite SN, Karnikowski MGO, Acurcio FA. National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines: methods. Rev Saude Publica. 2017;51(Suppl 2):2s. https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051007027 PMid:29160446 PMCid:PMC5676398

29. Oliveira JL, Silva JL, Souza J, Oliveira A, Santos MA. Mental Health Care in Primary Health Care: an integrative review. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2023;44(4):329-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2023.2189954 PMid:37015019

30. Rameez S, Nasir A. Barriers to mental health treatment in primary care practice in low- and middle-income countries in a post-COVID era: a systematic review. J Family Med Prim Care. 2023;12(8):1485-504. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_391_22 PMid:37767443 PMCid:PMC10521856

Published

2026-09-07

How to Cite

1.
Silva MF da, Rohde CB dos S, Tavares H. Continuity of mental health care from the users’ perspective: challenges in the transition between specialized care and primary care. Debates Psiquiatr. [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 7 [cited 2026 Sep. 20];16:1-23, e1665. Available from: https://revistardp.org.br/revista/article/view/1665

Issue

Section

Original Articles

Plaudit