Depresión en la enfermedad de Parkinson en fase preclínica: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Maria Eduarda Dalossio Graduanda, Medicina, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1464-8660
  • Gustavo Gabriel de Oliveira Villa Real Coordenador do Curso de Medicina, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Limeira, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3192-3633
  • Lucas Francisco Botequio Mella Coordenador do Ambulatório de Psicogeriatria e Neuropsiquiatria do Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-9553

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2025.v15.1507

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad de Parkinson, depresión, sintomas depresivos

Resumen

Introducción: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se caracteriza no solo por síntomas motores, sino también por síntomas no motores como trastornos del sueño REM, estreñimiento, anosmia, disautonomía, depresión, ansiedad, deterioro cognitivo, entre otros. Es posible que estos síntomas precedan a la bradicinesia, formando una condición denominada EP en fase preclínica (EPP). Identificar la EPP permite optimizar el tratamiento y la atención. Sin embargo, la identificación de estos pacientes con EPP sigue siendo un desafío, ya que muchos de estos síntomas son frecuentes en la población geriátrica. La depresión se destaca como un síntoma preclínico, pero identificar a los pacientes con síntomas depresivos que forman parte de la EPP es una tarea compleja. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar avances y actualizaciones sobre la depresión en la EPP, con el fin de facilitar la identificación de pacientes con depresión que pertenezcan a este grupo. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, siguiendo las directrices del protocolo PRISMA 2020; se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed utilizando los descriptores: depresión, síntomas depresivos y enfermedad de Parkinson preclínica. Se encontraron 25 publicaciones; finalmente, se incluyeron 9 artículos en la revisión. Resultados: Se observó valor predictivo en la combinación de trastorno del sueño REM y depresión para el desarrollo de la EP; la presencia de dos o más síntomas preclínicos combinados fue un factor predictivo de EP; la hospitalización por depresión predijo el riesgo de desarrollar EP. Conclusión: La combinación de depresión y otros síntomas preclínicos predice la EP, así como la gravedad y la refractariedad de la depresión. Los síntomas preclínicos siguen siendo un desafío, pero su estudio es factible.

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Biografía del autor/a

Maria Eduarda Dalossio, Graduanda, Medicina, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil

Gustavo Gabriel de Oliveira Villa Real, Coordenador do Curso de Medicina, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Limeira, SP, Brasil

Lucas Francisco Botequio Mella, Coordenador do Ambulatório de Psicogeriatria e Neuropsiquiatria do Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil

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Publicado

2025-11-17

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1.
Dalossio ME, Real GG de OV, Mella LFB. Depresión en la enfermedad de Parkinson en fase preclínica: una revisión sistemática. Debates Psiquiatr. [Internet]. 17 de noviembre de 2025 [citado 23 de octubre de 2026];15:1-26, e1507. Disponible en: https://revistardp.org.br/revista/article/view/1507

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