Psiquiatría intervencionista personalizada: revisión narrativa sobre biomarcadores de laboratorio predictivos de respuesta a la TEC y la EMT en depresión resistente

Autores/as

  • Lara Vitoria Haubert Especializanda, Psiquiatria, Fundação Universitária Mário Martins, FUMM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4209-1475
  • Luiza Martins Barbosa Especializanda, Psiquiatria, Fundação Universitária Mário Martins, FUMM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1386-5067
  • Tauãna Machado Otaran Savian Especializanda, Psiquiatria, Fundação Universitária Mário Martins, FUMM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5438-5697

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2026.v16.1524

Palabras clave:

biomarcadores, terapia electroconvulsiva, estimulación magnética transcraneal, trastorno depresivo mayor, predicción

Resumen

Introducción: El trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) es la principal causa de discapacidad global, con aproximadamente el 30% de los pacientes progresando hacia el trastorno depresivo resistente al tratamiento (DRT). Ante el fracaso de múltiples ensayos, la terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC) y la estimulación magnética transcraneal (EMT) son esenciales, pero carecen de biomarcadores para interrumpir el enfoque de "ensayo y error". Objetivo: Esta revisión narrativa de literatura tiene como objetivo actualizar y sintetizar el conocimiento reciente sobre los biomarcadores laboratoriales y moleculares con potencial predictivo de respuesta clínica a la TEC y a la EMT en el tratamiento de la DRT. Métodos: Se consultaron las bases PubMed y Cochrane (2010–2025) para la identificación de evidencia reciente, seleccionando 17 artículos para un análisis detallado. El relevamiento se complementó con una búsqueda manual, totalizando 30 referencias. Resultados y Discusión: La predicción de la respuesta es específica de la modalidad. La TEC se predice principalmente mediante marcadores de estrés crónico y del eje HPA (cortisol post-dexametasona y trayectoria en el cabello). La EMT es más sensible a la integridad sistémica (Índice de inflamación sistémica - SII) y a los perfiles epigenéticos (regiones diferencialmente metiladas - DMR). El factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) sérico basal demostró una utilidad predictiva nula. La tendencia actual apunta a modelos de predicción multimodales que integran datos moleculares con neuroimágenes y marcadores metabólicos centrales. Conclusión: La psiquiatría de precisión en la DRT es viable. El éxito terapéutico será definido por la implementación de paneles de biomarcadores que evalúen el estrés periférico y el perfil epigenético para guiar la elección entre TEC y EMT, optimizando el manejo del paciente.

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Biografía del autor/a

Lara Vitoria Haubert , Especializanda, Psiquiatria, Fundação Universitária Mário Martins, FUMM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Luiza Martins Barbosa, Especializanda, Psiquiatria, Fundação Universitária Mário Martins, FUMM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Tauãna Machado Otaran Savian, Especializanda, Psiquiatria, Fundação Universitária Mário Martins, FUMM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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Publicado

2026-01-27

Cómo citar

1.
Haubert LV, Barbosa LM, Savian TMO. Psiquiatría intervencionista personalizada: revisión narrativa sobre biomarcadores de laboratorio predictivos de respuesta a la TEC y la EMT en depresión resistente. Debates Psiquiatr. [Internet]. 27 de enero de 2026 [citado 13 de mayo de 2026];16:1-17, e1524. Disponible en: https://revistardp.org.br/revista/article/view/1524

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