Trastorno de estrés postraumático relacionado con el parto y las disparidades raciales y étnicas: revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2026.v16.1566Palabras clave:
trastornos por estrés postraumático, minorías étnicas y raciales, trabajo de parto, TEPT, trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)Resumen
El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en el postparto es una condición en la que se desarrollan síntomas postraumáticos debido a una experiencia traumática de parto. La probabilidad de desarrollar TEPT en el posparto depende en gran medida de la experiencia subjetiva del parto, en la cual la calidad de la interacción con los profesionales de la salud tiene una influencia significativa. Las mujeres en minorías raciales y étnicas enfrentan un riesgo particularmente alto de desarrollar TEPT en el posparto. La presente revisión analiza la literatura existente sobre las disparidades raciales y étnicas en el TEPT en el posparto con el fin de proporcionar discutir el impacto del origen racial y étnico en la experiencia subjetiva del parto, así como su influencia en la calidad de la interacción con los profesionales de la salud. Los hallazgos de la literatura indican que las mujeres de minorías raciales y étnicas a menudo reportan una mala calidad de interacción con los profesionales de la salud durante el parto, citando un manejo deficiente del dolor, problemas de comunicación, maltrato verbal que puede incluir comentarios racialmente insensibles y vulneraciones de la autonomía. Ciertos estereotipos relacionados con la tolerancia al dolor, la inteligencia y la conducta de las mujeres de minorías raciales y étnicas pueden influir en las decisiones de los profesionales de la salud con respecto al manejo analgésico,la toma de decisiones y, comunicación conjunta entre paciente y profesional de la salud. A pesar de la importante implicación negativa de estos factores, se pueden tomar varias medidas para reducir su impacto, como un tratamiento prenatal culturalmente informado y una atención intraparto que tenga en cuenta el trauma emocional secundario.
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