Hospitalização involuntária de usuários de drogas: um estudo comparativo sobre leis e abordagens entre o Brasil e outros países
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2020.v10.29Palabras clave:
Dependência de drogas, internação involuntária, lei de saúde mentalResumen
A dependência química é uma questão complexa, que motiva várias discussões, entre as quais destacam-se as alternativas terapêuticas, notadamente as modalidades contra a vontade do paciente hospitalização involuntária e compulsória. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar e comparar abordagens e leis sobre hospitalização involuntária como tratamento para dependentes de drogas em diferentes países do mundo. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica eletrônica nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO e LILACS entre os anos de 2008 e 2018. Foram considerados artigos nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa que abordavam hospitalização psiquiátrica involuntária ou compulsória, além de terem sido colhidos dados sobre a legislação do país em questão, quando disponíveis. Foram encontrados 76 artigos, dos quais 53 foram selecionados. As regiões abrangidas pela pesquisa incluíram Europa (Itália, Noruega, Inglaterra, Portugal e Grécia), América (Canadá, Estados Unidos da América, Jamaica, Barbados, Chile e Brasil), Ásia (Rússia, China, Índia e Paquistão), Oceania (Austrália e Nova Zelândia) e África (África do Sul). Foi encontrada uma tendência mundial de aprovar leis que resguardem direitos dos pacientes. A decisão sobre a internação involuntária ou compulsória é de um profissional médico na maioria dos países estudados, além de serem necessários dois profissionais dessa categoria na tomada de decisão. O tratamento psiquiátrico involuntário ainda gera muitas discussões, apesar dos avanços nas legislações mais modernas nos diversos países estudados. Há uma tendência jurídica de reforçar a necessidade de avaliar o risco que o indivíduo oferece aos outros ou a si próprio para justificar a hospitalização. O Brasil seguiu essa tendência estabelecendo três modalidades de hospitalização e priorizando o tratamento voluntário em uma interlocução entre os campos da saúde e do direito.
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