Imunologia da esquizofrenia: evidências, perspectivas e desafios

Autores

  • Salvina Maria de Campos-Carli Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG. Divisão de Neurociências, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG.
  • João Vinícius Salgado Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG.
  • Antônio Lúcio Teixeira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG. Divisão de Neurociências, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-5422

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25118/2236-918X-6-2-1

Palavras-chave:

Sistema imune, esquizofrenia, tratamento

Resumo

A etiopatogênese da esquizofrenia é complexa e envolve a interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais. Alterações no sistema imune vêm sendo apontadas como possíveis participantes na fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma revisão narrativa sobre as alterações imunes na fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia e o potencial de moléculas e/ou mecanismos do sistema imune serem biomarcadores e/ou alvos terapêuticos. Enquanto alguns estudos observam maior participação de citocinas da resposta imune do tipo células T auxiliares (Th1), interferon-gama (IFN-γ), interleucina 2 (IL-2) e fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-α), outros observam maior participação das citocinas IL-4, IL-6 e IL-10, pertencentes à reposta imune tipo Th2. A infecção pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii tem sido apontada como fator de risco para esquizofrenia, e uma possível explicação seria o desvio no metabolismo do triptofano, com consequente aumento de quinureninas, causado pela resposta inflamatória frente à presença do parasita. Ensaios clínicos têm sido realizados utilizando anti-inflamatórios como adjuvantes ao tratamento antipsicótico. Resultados promissores, como redução da sintomatologia vegativa e melhora cognitiva, foram observados. O uso de antiinflamatórios com consequente melhora clínica reforçam a ideia da participação de componentes imunes/inflamatórios na fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia.

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Publicado

2016-04-29

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1.
Campos-Carli SM de, Salgado JV, Teixeira AL. Imunologia da esquizofrenia: evidências, perspectivas e desafios. Debates em Psiquiatria [Internet]. 29º de abril de 2016 [citado 29º de março de 2024];6(2):6-14. Disponível em: https://revistardp.org.br/revista/article/view/136

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