Neuroesteroides e esquizofrenia: a função do estrogênio e da progesterona na modulação e proteção do cérebro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2019.v9.64Palavras-chave:
Mulheres, esquizofrenia, neuroesteroides, estrogênio e progesteronaResumo
A esquizofrenia é uma psicose crônica, debilitante, de origem multifatorial, que apresenta em sua fisiopatologia pelo menos três mecanismos conhecidos: a desregulação dopaminérgica, a perturbação da neurotransmissão glutamatérgica e GABAérgica e o estado pró-inflamatório do cérebro. Existem diferenças marcantes entre os gêneros na esquizofrenia, e muitos autores afirmam que os hormônios sexuais podem influenciar o curso e os sintomas da doença, modulando a sua gravidade. Os neuroesteroides são neuro-hormônios que têm a capacidade de modular a expressão de subunidades de receptores GABAérgicos subtipo A e N-metil D-aspartato, desempenhando um papel crucial na fisiopatologia de vários transtornos psiquiátricos. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o quanto os neuroesteroides podem influenciar na fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia em mulheres, através de uma revisão de literatura onde foram incluídos estudos pré-clínicos, clínicos e moleculares que investigaram os efeitos do estrogênio e da progesterona na modulação e proteção do sistema nervoso central (SNC), discutindo a sua função como possíveis adjuvantes terapêuticos no tratamento da esquizofrenia.
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