Smoking and pregnancy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2236-918X-7-2-4Keywords:
Pregnancy, smoking, treatmentAbstract
The literature is consistent in confirming the harmful effects of smoking in the general population and especially in pregnant women. Smoking during pregnancy is a predictor of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, as well as of increased fetal and infant mortality. Smoking cessation should always be stimulated in pregnant women. To increase treatment success, it is important to consider social vulnerabilities, associated diseases (especially depression and anxiety), emotional maturity, whether or not the pregnancy was desired, and uncertainties about the future. The objectives of this article were to identify the pregnant women who are more vulnerable to continue smoking during pregnancy, to provide guidance on the management of these cases, evaluating the availability of treatments that can be used safely during pregnancy, and to identify the best treatment to offer to these women. Currently, behavioral therapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, is the best treatment available for smoking cessation, both for pregnant women and in general. Severe nicotine dependence may require pharmacotherapy. In these cases, the medication most commonly used is bupropion, despite the lack of evidence regarding its safety for the fetus. In clinical practice, no complications for the fetus or for the pregnant women have been reported.
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