La violencia psicológica y el papel del psiquiatra: una revisión narrativa
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https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2023.v13.471Palabras clave:
impactos psicologicos, salud mental, violencia de pareja, psiquiatría forenseResumen
Introducción: La violencia psicológica es una forma de violencia intrafamiliar caracterizada por la agresión verbal, vergüenza, humillación, manipulación, amenazas y aislamiento de la víctima. A pesar de ser la forma más prevalente de violencia de pareja, la violencia psicológica es la menos denunciada y puede evolucionar hacia agresiones más graves, como el abuso físico y sexual, cuando no hay intervención externa. Métodos: Revisión narrativa con el objetivo de discutir el estado del arte y actualizar el conocimiento sobre la violencia psicológica contra la mujer. Discusión: El daño psicológico causado por esta violencia puede derivar en depresión, ansiedad, estrés postraumático, abuso de sustancias e ideación suicida, los cuales pueden ser identificados por el psiquiatra en la práctica clínica. El psiquiatra también puede actuar en el tratamiento farmacológico y psicoterapéutico de las consecuencias del maltrato psicológico en las víctimas, además de ofrecer apoyo y orientación en eventuales procesos de denuncia y/o separación. Debido a la alta comorbilidad con el trastorno por consumo de sustancias en los agresores, el psiquiatra puede actuar en los programas de rehabilitación del tratamiento, previniendo la aparición de nuevas agresiones. En el ámbito forense, el psiquiatra puede realizar peritajes y asistencia técnica para documentar el daño sufrido por las víctimas, además de evaluar el riesgo de violencia y la responsabilidad penal de los agresores. Conclusión: La violencia psicológica es un problema de salud pública con graves consecuencias. Como profesional de la salud, el psiquiatra tiene el potencial de actuar en varias áreas para combatir la violencia doméstica.
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