Aspectos gerais da avaliação e tratamento dos transtornos alimentares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2019.v9.50Palavras-chave:
Tratamento, anorexia nervosa, avaliação, transtornos alimentaresResumo
Os transtornos alimentares são quadros psiquiátricos que cursam com intenso sofrimento psíquico e diversas complicações clínicas. A avaliação de pacientes com transtornos alimentares costuma exigir uma anamnese minuciosa, exame físico e psíquico detalhado e exames complementares. Nessa avaliação, objetiva-se estabelecer um diagnóstico nosológico do transtorno alimentar e das comorbidades, uma estratificação do risco clínico e psiquiátrico, para então estabelecer um planejamento terapêutico. Após essa avaliação inicial, de acordo com a gravidade do caso, o clínico deve decidir o nível de tratamento recomendado, que pode ser desde a hospitalização até o atendimento ambulatorial regular. Outras decisões, como a via de realimentação, o valor calórico planejado para a realimentação e as metas de recuperação, também devem ser pré-definidas. Sumarizamos, neste artigo, alguns aspectos relacionados à avaliação, comorbidades e orientações gerais de tratamento a partir de três diretrizes internacionais de manejo e tratamento de transtornos alimentares, a saber: duas britânicas, a guideline de transtornos alimentares do National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) e o Management of Really Sick Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (MARSIPAN); e uma australiana, elaborada pelo Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZ-CP).
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