A psicofarmacologia geriátrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2011.v1.857Palavras-chave:
idosos, psicofarmacologia, geriatriaResumo
O desenvolvimento da psicofarmacologia geriátrica ocorreu nos últimos 30 anos após as grandes modificações ocorridas na psiquiatria e no acelerado envelhecimento da população. Esse estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma visão histórica do desenvolvimento da psicofarmacologia geriátrica com uma descrição dos avanços nas três principais classes de medicamentos psiquiátricos utilizados pelos idosos: antidepressivos, antipsicóticos e as medicações para o tratamento da doença de Alzheimer. A nortriptilina foi a primeira opção para o tratamento da depressão em geriatria por muitos anos. Entretanto após o surgimento dos Inibidores Seletivos de Serotonina, observou-se uma redução da sua utilização. O mesmo ocorreu com os antipsicóticos convencionais que gradativamente foram substituídos pela utilização dos antipsicóticos atípicos. Entretanto, os antipsicóticos atípicos devem ser utilizados com muita cautela nos idosos devido ao risco aumentado de obesidade, diabetes, intolerância a glicose e hipercolesterolemia nessa população também o risco aumentado de mortalidade observada com o uso de antipsicóticos atípicos no tratamento de alterações comportamentais tem que ser levados em consideração. Com relação aos inibidores de acetilcolinesterase, não há grandes diferenças de eficácia e tolerabilidade, no entanto não há comparações diretas entre essas substâncias. Finalmente, psicofarmacologia geriátrica permite esclarecer de maneira mais precisa como lesões clínicas especificas ou neurológicas podem contribuir para os sintomas psiquiátricos nos idosos. Além disso, contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos limites entre as estruturas e funções do cérebro com o desenvolvimento dos processos patológicos e de seus tratamentos psiquiátricos.
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Copyright (c) 2011 Érico Castro-Costa, Sergio Luís Blay
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Debates em Psiquiatria permite que o (s) autor (es) mantenha(m) seus direitos autorais sem restrições. Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0) - Debates em Psiquiatria é regida pela licença CC-BY-NC
