Psicofarmacología geriátrica

Autores/as

  • Érico Castro-Costa Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou (CPqRR/Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Clayton Aguiar - Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará
  • Sergio Luís Blay Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2011.v1.857

Palabras clave:

anciano, psicofarmacología, geriatria

Resumen

El desarrollo de la psicofarmacología geriátrica se produjo en los últimos 30 años después de los grandes cambios ocurridos en la psiquiatría y el envejecimiento acelerado de la población. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar una visión histórica del desarrollo de la psicofarmacología geriátrica con una descripción de los avances en las tres principales clases de medicamentos psiquiátricos utilizados por los ancianos: antidepresivos, antipsicóticos y medicamentos para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. La nortriptilina ha sido durante muchos años la primera opción para el tratamiento de la depresión en geriátricos. Sin embargo, tras la aparición de los inhibidores selectivos de la serotonina, se produjo una reducción en su uso. Lo mismo ocurrió con los antipsicóticos convencionales, que paulatinamente fueron sustituidos por el uso de antipsicóticos atípicos. Sin embargo, los antipsicóticos atípicos deben usarse con gran precaución en los ancianos debido al mayor riesgo de obesidad, diabetes, intolerancia a la glucosa e hipercolesterolemia en esta población. Además, el mayor riesgo de mortalidad observado con el uso de antipsicóticos atípicos en el tratamiento del comportamiento. Hay que tener en cuenta los cambios. En cuanto a los inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa, no existen diferencias importantes en eficacia y tolerabilidad, sin embargo no existen comparaciones directas entre estas sustancias. Finalmente, la psicofarmacología geriátrica nos permite aclarar con mayor precisión cómo lesiones clínicas o neurológicas específicas pueden contribuir a los síntomas psiquiátricos en los ancianos. Además, contribuye a una mejor comprensión de los límites entre las estructuras y funciones del cerebro con el desarrollo de los procesos patológicos y sus tratamientos psiquiátricos.

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Biografía del autor/a

Érico Castro-Costa, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou (CPqRR/Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Clayton Aguiar - Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará

Sergio Luís Blay, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo

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Publicado

2011-04-29

Cómo citar

1.
Castro-Costa Érico, Blay SL. Psicofarmacología geriátrica. Debates em Psiquiatria [Internet]. 29 de abril de 2011 [citado 19 de diciembre de 2024];1(2):10-5. Disponible en: https://revistardp.org.br/revista/article/view/857

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