Religiosity, spirituality and mental health in high school students: a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2024.v14.1098Keywords:
cross-sectional study, anxiety, depression, spirituality, mental health, education, secondary, religiosity, studentsAbstract
Introduction: The prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescents is increasing worldwide. Religiosity and spirituality are related to both physical and mental health, as well as quality of life and well-being. Objective: To investigate the association between religiosity, spirituality, and anxiety and depression outcomes in adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional and quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 133 high school students, aged 14 to 19, from a public school in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. The following self-administered scales were used: Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Duke University Religious Index (DUREL-P), and Measure of Life Orientation and Spiritual Health (SHALOM). Results: The prevalence of depression was 56.1%. Sociodemographic risk factors for depression included female gender, non-heterosexual orientation, past bullying victimization, alcohol consumption, and previous diagnosis or family history of psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of anxiety was 65.9%, and the associated factors were female gender, past bullying victimization, and family history of psychiatric disorder. Participants with lower levels of intrinsic religiosity, ideal spirituality, and spiritual experience had a higher chance of depression. Lower scores on spiritual experience were also associated with a higher chance of anxiety). Conclusion: The results suggest that religiosity/spirituality may play a protective role in relation to mental health in the adolescent population, reducing the prevalence of depressive and anxious symptoms. However, further research is needed to deepen the understanding of this relationship and the underlying mechanisms.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Lopes CS, Abreu GA, Santos DF, Menezes PR, Carvalho KM, Cunha CF, Vasconcellos MT, Bloch KV, Szklo M. ERICA: prevalence of common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50 Suppl 1:14s. https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006690 PMID:26910549 - PMCID:PMC4767030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006690
Eslabão AD, Santos EO, Santos VCF, Rigatti R, Mello RM, Schneider JF. Saúde mental na estratégia saúde da família: caminhos para uma assistência integral em saúde. J Nurs Health. 2019;9(1):e199101. https://doi.org/10.15210/jonah.v9i1.11106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15210/jonah.v9i1.11106
Cruz ELD, Martins PDC, Diniz PRB. Factors related to the association of social anxiety disorder and alcohol use among adolescents: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017;93(5):442-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.05.001 PMID:28579354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.05.001
Graner KM, Cerqueira ATAR. Revisão integrativa: sofrimento psíquico em estudantes universitários e fatores associados. Cien Saude Colet. 2019;24(4):1327-46. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018244.09692017 PMID:31066836 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018244.09692017
Souza e Silva MJ, Schraiber LB, Mota A. The concept of health in collective health: contributions from social and historical critique of scientific production. Physis. 2019;29(1):e290102. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73312019290102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73312019290102
Volcan SM, Sousa PL, Mari JJ, Horta BL. Relação entre bem-estar espiritual e transtornos psiquiátricos menores: estudo transversal. Rev Saude Publica. 2003;37(4):440-5. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102003000400008 PMID:12937704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102003000400008
Gilani IS, Shahid R, Zuettel I. Global index of religiosity and atheism. Zürich: WIN-Gallup International; 2012. https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~stevel/251/Global_INDEX_of_Religiosity_and_Atheism_PR__6.pdf
Altmann W. Censo IBGE 2010 e religião. Horiz. 2012;10(28):1122-9. https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n28p1122-1129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n28p1122
McCord G, Gilchrist VJ, Grossman SD, King BD, McCormick KE, Oprandi AM, Schrop SL, Selius BA, Smucker DO, Weldy DL, Amorn M, Carter MA, Deak AJ, Hefzy H, Srivastava M. Discussing spirituality with patients: a rational and ethical approach. Ann Fam Med. 2004;2(4):356-61. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.71 PMID:15335136 - PMCID:PMC1466687 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.71
Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry. 2012;2012:278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730 PMID:23762764 - PMCID:PMC3671693 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
Oliveira MR, Junges JR. Saúde mental e espiritualidade/religiosidade: a visão de psicólogos. Estud Psicol (Natal). 2012;17(3):469-76. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2012000300016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2012000300016
Santos GBV, Alves MCGP, Goldbaum M, Cesar CLG, Gianini RJ. Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns e fatores associados em moradores da área urbana de São Paulo, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica. 2019;35(11):e00236318. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00236318 PMID:31691788 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00236318
Moreira-Almeida A, Lucchetti G. Panorama das pesquisas em ciência, saúde e espiritualidade. Cienc Cult. 2016;68(1):54-7. https://doi.org/10.21800/2317-66602016000100016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21800/2317-66602016000100016
Freitas MH, Vilela PR. Leitura fenomenológica da religiosidade: implicações para o psicodiagnóstico e para a práxis clínica psicológica. Rev Abordagem Gestalt. 2017;23(1):95-107. https://doi.org/10.18065/RAG.2017v23n1.10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18065/RAG.2017v23n1.10
Evangelista CB, Lopes ME, Costa SF, Batista PS, Batista JB, Oliveira AM. Palliative care and spirituality: an integrative literature review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2016;69(3):591-601. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2016690324i PMID:27355311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2016690324i
Stroppa A, Moreira-Almeida A. Saúde e espiritualidade: uma nova visão da medicina. Belo Horizonte: Inede; 2008. Capítulo 20, Religiosidade e saúde; p. 427-43.
Tolentino TM, Formiga NS, Maia MFM, Sousa BVO, Melo GF. Modelagem estrutural e consistência interna da escala de depressão de Beck em adolescentes brasileiros não clínicos. Psicologia.pt. 2018. https://www.psicologia.pt/artigos/textos/A1168.pdf
DeSousa DA, Salum GA, Isolan LR, Manfro GG. Sensitivity and specificity of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): a community-based study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2013;44(3):391-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0333-y PMID:22961135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0333-y
Argimon IIL, Terroso LB, Barbosa AS, Lopes RMF. Intensidade de sintomas depressivos em adolescentes através da escala de depressão de Beck (BDI-II). Bol Acad Paul Psicol. 2013;33(85):354-72. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/bapp/v33n85/a10.pdf
Martins AMQ. As manifestações clínicas da depressão na adolescência [dissertação]. Porto: Universidade do Porto; 2000. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/10115/3/2957_TM_01_P.pdf
Storch EA, Roberti JW, Roth DA. Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck depression inventory-second edition in a sample of college students. Depress Anxiety. 2004;19(3):187-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20002 PMID:15129421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20002
Isolan L, Salum GA, Osowski AT, Amaro E, Manfro GG. Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in Brazilian children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25(5):741-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.015 PMID:21514788 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.015
Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6(1):1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Behrens B, Swetlitz C, Pine DS, Pagliaccio D. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): informant discrepancy, measurement invariance, and test-retest reliability. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2019;50(3):473-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-0854-0 PMID:30460424 - PMCID:PMC7339086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-0854-0
Moreira-Almeida A, Peres MF, Aloe F, Lotufo Neto F, Koenig HG. Versão em português da Escala de Religiosidade da Duke: DUREL. Arch Clin Psychiatry (São Paulo). 2008;35(1):31-2. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832008000100006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832008000100006
Strelhow MRW, Sarriera JC. Evidências de validade do índice de religiosidade de Duke (P-DUREL) entre adolescentes. Revista Aval Psicol. 2018;17(3):330-8. https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2018.1703.14630.06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2018.1703.14630.06
Zandavalli RB, Silveira JBS, Bueno RM, Santos DT, Castro Filho ED, Mosqueiro BP. Espiritualidade e resiliência na atenção domiciliar. Rev Bras Med Fam Comunidade. 2020;15(42):2213. https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc15(42)2213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc15(42)2213
Fisher J. Development and application of a spiritual well-being questionnaire called SHALOM. Religions (Basel). 2010;1(1):105-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel1010105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel1010105
Valdivia LJ, Alves LP, Rocha NS. Spiritual health and life-orientation measure: psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(9):1187-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317751619 PMID:29322831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317751619
GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9(2):137-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00395-3 PMID:35026139 - PMCID:PMC8776563 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00395-3
Bernardineli AJ, Silva LL, Araújo CRMA, Pedroso RB. Fatores de risco associados a sintomas depressivos em adolescentes de um município de pequeno porte. Res Soc Dev. 2021;10(4):e49210414315. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14315
Zacharias R, Brito IB, Silva FMF, Vieira MCS, Buriola AA, Rister GP. Avaliação da resiliência em escolares do ensino médio e sua relação com a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Debates Psiquiatr. 2020;10(4):10-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25118/2236-918x-10-4-1 - doi não funciona
Jatobá JDVN, Bastos O. Depressão e ansiedade em adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2007;56(3):171-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852007000300003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852007000300003
Oliveira JMD, Butini L, Pauletto P, Lehmkuhl KM, Stefani CM, Bolan M, Guerra E, Dick B, De Luca Canto G, Massignan C. Mental health effects prevalence in children and adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2022;19(2):130-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12566 PMID:35229967 - PMCID:PMC9115455 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12566
Leung CH, Pong HK. Cross-sectional study of the relationship between the spiritual wellbeing and psychological health among university Students. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249702 PMID:33857211 - PMCID:PMC8049307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249702
Nascimento A, Andrade A, Coimbra DR, Sena AB. Religiosidade e fatores sociodemográficos de adolescentes. Rev Eletrônica Teologia Cien Religião. 2020;8(2):198-208. https://doi.org/10.35521/unitas.v8i2.2274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35521/unitas.v8i2.2274
Stroppa A, Moreira-Almeida A. Religiosity, mood symptoms, and quality of life in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2013;15(4):385-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12069 PMID:23601141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12069
Lucchetti G, Koenig HG, Lucchetti ALG. Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: a review of the current scientific evidence. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(26):7620-31. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620 PMID:34621814 - PMCID:PMC8462234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620
Mosqueiro BP, Fleck MP, Rocha NS. Increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor are associated with high intrinsic religiosity among depressed inpatients. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:671. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00671 PMID:31572245 - PMCID:PMC6753839 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00671
Thiengo PCS, Gomes AMT, Mercês MCC, Couto PLS, França LCM, Silva AN. Espiritualidade e religiosidade no cuidado em saúde: revisão integrativa. Cogitare Enferm. 2019;24:e58692. https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v24i0.58692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v24i0.58692
Rasic D, Robinson JA, Bolton J, Bienvenu OJ, Sareen J. Longitudinal relationships of religious worship attendance and spirituality with major depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal ideation and attempts: findings from the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area study. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(6):848-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.014 PMID:21215973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.014
Souza LCB. Escola e família: importância dos pais/responsáveis no processo de escolarização da criança [dissertação]. São Mateus: Faculdade Vale do Cricaré; 2021. https://repositorio.ivc.br/bitstream/handle/123456789/1354/LILIANE%20DE%20CASTRO%20BORGES%20SOUZA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Valdivia LJ. Associação entre felicidade e espiritualidade em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis de escolas de Porto Alegre [dissertação]. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2017. https://lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/158234/001019800.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Pankowski D, Wytrychiewicz-Pankowska K. Turning to religion during covid-19 (part I): a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of studies on the relationship between religious coping and mental health throughout covid-19. J Relig Health. 2023;62:510-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01703-5 PMID:36592322 - PMCID:PMC9807105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01703-5
Pankowski D, Wytrychiewicz-Pankowska K. Turning to religion during covid-19 (part II): a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of studies on the relationship between religious coping and mental health throughout covid-19. J Relig Health. 2023;62:544-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01720-4 PMID:36595190 - PMCID:PMC9808764 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01720-4
Published
How to Cite
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriel Antônio Flores Chies, Lucia Naomi Takimi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Debates em Psiquiatria allows the author (s) to keep their copyrights unrestricted. Allows the author (s) to retain their publication rights without restriction. Authors should ensure that the article is an original work without fabrication, fraud or plagiarism; does not infringe any copyright or right of ownership of any third party. Authors should also ensure that each one complies with the authorship requirements as recommended by the ICMJE and understand that if the article or part of it is flawed or fraudulent, each author shares responsibility.
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) - Debates em Psiquiatria is governed by the licencse CC-By-NC
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
