Prevalence of periodontitis in individuals with bipolar affective disorder: a cross-ectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2236-918X-6-4-2Keywords:
Periodontitis, bipolar, disorder, epidemiologyAbstract
Despite the scarcity of studies and the few conflicting data available, bipolar affective disorder (BD) is a behavioral factor that may influence periodontitis. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the prevalence of periodontitis in a population diagnosed with BD; and 2) to investigate the influence of different variables on the association between periodontitis and BD. The study comprised a convenience sample of 156 individuals with BD selected at the mental health hospital affiliated with Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Patients were evaluated based on clinical periodontal parameters and social/demographic variables. The results showed a prevalence of 59% of periodontitis among individuals with BD. Of these, 90.2% had moderate chronic periodontitis and 9.8% had the severe form. With regard to the extent of periodontitis, 81.5% had localized and 18.5% had generalized periodontitis. The findings showed that patients with BD have a high prevalence of periodontal disease (56.8%), confirming the importance of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition, which may in the future be considered as an additional comorbidity associated with BD. The need for further studies, particularly longitudinal studies and randomized clinical trials, to confirm the association between BD and periodontitis is warranted.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abahneh KT, All Shaar MB, Taani DQ. Depressive symptoms in relation periodontal health in a Jordaniana sample. Int J Dent Hyg. 2010;8:16-21.
Aimetti M, Romano F, Nessi F. Microbiologic analysis of periodontal pockets and carotid atheromatous plaques in advanced chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodontol. 2007;78:1718-23.
Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases: an overview. Periodontol. 2002;29:7-10.
Bressi C, Porcellana M, Marinaccio PM, Nocito EP, Ciabatti M, Magri L, et al. The association between insight and symptoms in bipolar inpatients: an Italian prospective study. Eur Psychiatry. 2012;27:619-24.
American Diabetes Association. (2) Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:S8-S16.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 1980.
Andrade L, Walters EE, Gentil V, Laurenti R. Prevalence of CID-10 mental disorders in a catchment area in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37:316-25.
Angst F, Stassen HH, Clayton P, Angst J. Mortality of patients with mood disorders: flow up over 34-38 years. J Affect Disord. 2002;68:167-81.
Barbosa TS, Castelo PM, Leme MS, Gaviao MB Associations between oral health-related quality of life and emotional statuses in children and preadolescents. Oral Dis. 2012;18:639-47.
Berrios GE. Melancholia and depression during the 19th century: a conceptual history. Br J Psychiatry. 1988;153:298-304.
Berk M, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, O’Neil A, Pasco JA, Moylan S, et al. So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from? BMC Med. 2013;11:200.
Bouchard P, Boutouyrie P, Mattout C, Bourgeois D. Risk assessment for severe clinical attachment loss in an adult population. J Periodontol. 2006;77:479-89.
Brietzke E, Kapczinski F. TNF-alpha as a molecular target in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32:1355-61.
Bromet E, Andrade LH, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Med. 2011; 9:90.
Byer LJ. An evidence-based medicine strategy for achieving remission in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:31-7.
Castro GD, Opperman RV, Haas AN, Winter R, Alchieri JC. Associati on between psychosocial factors and periodonti ti s: a case control study. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33:109-14.
Clark DB. Dental care for the pati ent with bipolar disorder. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003;69:20-4.
Cooper CL, Baglioni AJ Jr. A structural model approach toward the development of a theory of the link between stress and mental health. Braz J Med Psychol. 1988;61:87-102.
Cortelli JR, Cortelli SC, Jordan S, Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ. Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodonti ti s. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:860-6.
Cortelli JR, Cortelli SC. Periodonti te crônica e agressiva: prevalência subgingival e frequencia de ocorrência de patógenos periodontais. Rev Biocienc. 2003;9:91-6.
Bassani DG, da Silva CM, Oppermann RV. Validity of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) for populati on periodonti ti s screening. Cad Saude Publica. 2006;7:277-83.
Brasil, Ministério da saúde. SB Brasil 2010: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal: resultados principais [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Jun 20]. dab.saude.gov.br/portaldab/biblioteca.php?conteudo=publicacoes/pesquisa_saude_bucal
Susin C, Haas AN, Valle PM, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM. Prevalence and risk indicators for chronic periodonti ti s in adolescents and young adults in south Brazil. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38:326-33.
Brito F, Almeida S, Figueredo CM, Bregman R, Suassuna JH, Fischer RG. Extent and severity of chronic periodonti ti s in chronic kidney disease pati ents. J Periodont Res. 2012;47:426-30.
Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES-MG), Subsecretaria de Políti cas e Ações de Saúde, Superintendência de Redes de Atenção à Saúde, Diretoria de Saúde Bucal. SB Minas Gerais: pesquisa das condições de saúde bucal da população mineira: resultados principais. Belo Horizonte: SES-MG; 2013.
Johnson BD, Engel D. Acute necroti zing ulcerati ve gingiviti s. A review of diagnosis, eti ology and treatment. J Periodontol. 1986;57:141-50.
Lowental U. Stress, anxiety and the dental pati ent: the missing specifi cati on. Int Dent J. 1981;31:193-7.
Shannon IL, Kilgore WG, O’Leary TJ. Stres as a predisposing factor in necroti zing ulcerati ve gingiviti s. J Periodontol. 1969;40:240-2.
Maupin CC, Bell WB. The relati onship of 17-hydroxycorti costeroid to acute necroti zing ulcerati ve gingiviti s. J Periodontol. 1975;46:721-2.
Green LW, Tryon WW, Marks B, Huryn J. Periodontal disease as a functi on of life events stress. J Human Stress. 1986;12:32-6.
Linden GJ, Mullally BH, Freeman R. Stress and the progression of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23:675-80.
Monteiro da Silva AM, Oakley DA, Newman HN, Nohl FS, Lloyd HM. Psychosocial factors and adult onset rapidly progressive periodonti ti s. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23:789-94.
Neves FS, Malloy-Diniz LF, Romano-Silva MA, Aguiar GC, de Matos LO, Correa H. Is the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) a potenti al marker for suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder pati ents? J Aff ect Disord. 2010;125:98-102.
Zimmerman M, Clark HL, Multach MD, Walsh E, Rosenstein LK, Gazarian D. Have treatment studies of depression become even less generalizable? A review of the inclusion and exclusion criteria used in placebo-controlled anti depressant effi cacy trials published during the past 20 years. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90:1180-6.
Kraepelin E, Freud S, Healy D. Kraepelin-fraud syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2009;72:378-80.
Del Porto JA. [Bipolar disorder: evoluti on of the concept and current controversies]. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2004;26:3-6.
Neves FS, Corrêa H. O manejo do paciente em crise. Rev Debates Psiquiatr. 2011;6;20-30.
Croucher R, Marcenes WS, Torres MC, Hughes WS, Sheiham A. The relati onship between lifeevents and periodontites. A case control study. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24:39-47.
Friedlander AH, Birch NJ. Dental conditions in patients with bipolar disorder on long-term lithium maintenance therapy. Spec Care Dentist. 2009;10:148-51.
Giglio JA, Laskin DM. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a group of adult patients seeking general dental care. Quintessence Int. 2010;41:433-7.
Woods CD. Self-reported mental illness in a dental school clinic population. J Dent Educ. 2003;67:500-4.
Giglio JA, Lanni SM, Laskin DM, Giglio NW. Oral health care for the pregnant patient. Tex Dent J. 2010;127:1061-70.
Zimmerman M, Martinez JH, Young D, Chelminski I, Dalrymple K. Severity classification on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. J Affect Disord. 2013;150:384-8.
Gonzalez-Pinto A1, Vieta E, Reed C, Novick D, Barraco A, Aguado J, et al. Effectiveness of olanzapine monotherapy and olanzapine combination treatment in the long term following acute mania--results of a two year observational study in bipolar disorder (EMBLEM). J Affect Disord. 2011;131:320-9.
Hawton K, Bergen H, Kapur N, Cooper J, Steeg S, Ness J, et al. Repetition of self-harm and suicide following self-harm in children and adolescents: findings from the Multicentre Study of Selfharm in England. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2012;53:1212-9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Debates em Psiquiatria allows the author (s) to keep their copyrights unrestricted. Allows the author (s) to retain their publication rights without restriction. Authors should ensure that the article is an original work without fabrication, fraud or plagiarism; does not infringe any copyright or right of ownership of any third party. Authors should also ensure that each one complies with the authorship requirements as recommended by the ICMJE and understand that if the article or part of it is flawed or fraudulent, each author shares responsibility.
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) - Debates em Psiquiatria is governed by the licencse CC-By-NC
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Asian Science Citation Index
