Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2025.v15.1359Keywords:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, immunodeficiency syndrome, mental health, psychiatric disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, AIDS, HIVAbstract
Introduction: The development of antiretroviral therapy has changed the course of HIV infection; however, the psychosocial impact of this diagnosis still influences the mental health of people living with the virus. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in HIV-positive patients. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on interviews with HIV-positive patients monitored at an infectious disease outpatient clinic in Curitiba (PR). Epidemiological and clinical-laboratory data were collected, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) and the WHOQOL-Bref (WHO Brief Quality of Life Questionnaire) were administered. The study was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee, with CAAE no. 70235123.0.0000.0020 and approval opinion number 6.134.965. Results: 69 patients participated, with a mean age of 48 ± 12.4 years, predominantly male (50.7%). Of these, 33 (47.8%) had some psychiatric disorder, with depressive disorder and agoraphobia being the most prevalent. This group of patients had been diagnosed with HIV infection for less than 12 years (p=0.026), and had higher use of Efavirenz (p=0.047) and Tenofovir (p=0.048). Additionally, a worse quality of life was observed, especially in the general evaluation and in the psychological, social, and environmental domains, compared to the group without mental health disorders according to the M.I.N.I. questionnaire. Other parameters evaluated did not seem to play a significant role in the development of psychiatric disorders in this patient group. Conclusion: HIV patients have a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and exhibit specific factors that influence their development, making comprehensive evaluation and active search for mental health complaints essential.
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