Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de la depresión posparto en Brasil: una revisión integrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2022.v12.376Palabras clave:
depresión posparto, factores de riesgo, prevalenciaResumen
Introducción: La depresión posparto (DPP) es reconocida como el trastorno del estado de ánimo más frecuente entre las puérperas, caracterizándose como una enfermedad multifactorial e infradiagnosticada. Objetivo: El cuadro clínico es variable y puede presentar cambios físicos, cognitivos y conductuales. Métodos: Por lo tanto, el presente estudio objetivó realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo asociados a la DPP en Brasil. Para eso, se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO con los siguientes descriptores: “posparto depresión” y “Brasil”, presentes en el título o resumen de los artículos, en inglés y portugués, de los últimos 10 años, buscados desde diciembre de 2019 hasta marzo de 2020. Resultados: La prevalencia encontrada varió del 7,2% en Recife/PE al 39,4% en Vitória/ES. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo, se detectaron un total de veinte factores diferentes. Entre ellos, los más frecuentes fueron: historia previa de trastornos psiquiátricos, nivel educativo de la madre, renta familiar, tener pareja y tener buena relación con él, color de piel (negra y mestiza), embarazo no planeado y multiparidad. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la prevalencia de PPD es alta y variable, dependiendo de la región brasileña. Además, la historia clínica, variables demográficas y aspectos relacionados con el embarazo se asocian a esta condición.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Gabriele Winter Santana, Luísa de Souza Maurique, Rafael Martins Gomes, Lara Vasconselos Normando, Isabella Scalabrini Ferrari, Carla Sofia Mendivil Suarez, Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz, Paulo Ricardo Rossi Sityá
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