Efecto del nivel educativo distinto en la cognición general entre dos regiones geopolíticas

Autores/as

  • Laiss Bertola Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-2576
  • Cândida Alves Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-2938
  • Sandra Cristina Marques Santos Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brasil
  • Rafaela Teixeira Ávila Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
  • Maria Aparecida Camargos Bicallho Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-9377

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2022.v12.427

Palabras clave:

educación, disparidade, cognición, ancianos

Resumen

Introducción: Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos suelen tener una mayor heterogeneidad en la calidad de la educación, un reflejo de la compleja diversidad socioeconómica y cultural. Se sabe que la educación influye en la evaluación neuropsicológica, y las normas de las pruebas generalmente se agrupan por años de educación. Las disparidades en el efecto de la educación sobre la cognición pueden dar lugar a errores de diagnóstico. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue comparar el efecto de la educación sobre la cognición general en adultos mayores de dos regiones geopolíticas brasileñas. Método: 125 adultos mayores sanos del noreste (NE) (edad media=70,08±7,76 años, 66% mujeres) y 115 del sureste (SE) (edad media=72,39±8,09 años, 76% mujeres), con igual rango de escolaridad (1- 19), media y varianza (p=0,52). Todos los participantes realizaron la Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-Mattis), y se utilizó la varianza residual (regresión por edad). Dividimos la educación en tres niveles alcanzados: primaria (1-4 años), primaria a secundaria (5-11 años) y licenciatura (igual y superior a 12 años). Resultado: Encontramos un efecto distinto de la educación según la región geopolítica para la memoria episódica y la capacidad de visioconstrucción. Comparando tamaños del efecto simples para el nivel educativo por región, se encuentra un efecto medio (r=0.30) para el nivel primario entre regiones, teniendo el grupo NE un desempeño significativamente menor. Conclusión: El efecto de la educación sobre la cognición general es similar para ambas regiones, pero los adultos mayores con nivel primario tienen un desempeño significativo distinto según su región. La desigualdad en la educación primaria podría estar relacionada con otros factores socioeconómicos presentados en todas las regiones del país. Destacamos la necesidad de muestras representativas en países heterogéneos como Brasil, para evitar errores de evaluación clínica al utilizar normas nacionales restrictivas.

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Biografía del autor/a

Laiss Bertola, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Cândida Alves, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brasil

Sandra Cristina Marques Santos, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brasil

Rafaela Teixeira Ávila, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

Maria Aparecida Camargos Bicallho, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

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2022-11-09

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1.
Bertola L, Alves C, Santos SCM, Ávila RT, Bicallho MAC. Efecto del nivel educativo distinto en la cognición general entre dos regiones geopolíticas. Debates em Psiquiatria [Internet]. 9 de noviembre de 2022 [citado 22 de diciembre de 2024];12:1-18. Disponible en: https://revistardp.org.br/revista/article/view/427

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