Bulimia: alterações no corpo físico e psíquico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2023.v13.1048Palavras-chave:
bulimia nervosa, transtorno alimentar, tratamento, psiquiatriaResumo
A bulimia nervosa (BN) é um transtorno alimentar de causas multifatoriais e que possui raízes mais profundas do que apenas a relação do indivíduo com a nutrição. O presente estudo objetivou revisar a produção científica, a fim de responder à seguinte pergunta: “Quais as repercussões psíquicas e clínicas no paciente com bulimia nervosa e quais tipos de intervenções podem ser propostas?". Para tal, foi realizada uma busca, no período de outubro e novembro de 2022, nas bases de dados: Medline/PubMed e The Cochrane Library, com rastreamento de estudos publicados no período de 2012 a 2022. Foram identificados 454 estudos, dos quais, após serem aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, apenas 14 artigos foram inseridos nesta revisão. A partir desse resultado foi possível entender que indivíduos com BN estão em sofrimento psíquico e necessitam não só de intervenção psiquiátrica, como também nutricional, psicológica e farmacológica para gradual remissão da doença.
Downloads
Referências
World Health Organization. Classificação dos transtornos mentais e de comportamento da CID-10: descrições clínicas e diretrizes diagnósticas. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 1993.
American Psychiatric Association. Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais: DSM-5. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2014.
Alvarenga MS, Scagliusi FB. Tratamento nutricional da bulimia nervosa. Rev Nutr. 2010;23(5):907-18. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732010000500020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732010000500020
Tith RM, Paradis G, Potter BJ, Low N, Healy-Profitós J, He S, Auger N. Association of bulimia nervosa with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among women. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(1):44-51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2914 PMID:31617882 PMCID:PMC6802370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2914
Mehler PS, Blalock DV, Walden K, Kaur S, McBride J, Walsh K, Watts J. Medical findings in 1,026 consecutive adult inpatient-residential eating disordered patients. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(4):305-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22830 PMID:29417593 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22830
Bern EM, Woods ER, Rodriguez L. Gastrointestinal manifestations of eating disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;63(5):e77-85. https://doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000001394 PMID:27579693 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000001394
Sánchez RM, Moreno AM. Ortorexia y vigorexia:¿ nuevos trastornos de la conducta alimentaria? Trastor Conducta Aliment. 2007;(5):457-82. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2379929.pdf
Del Priore M, Amantino M. História do corpo no Brasil. São Paulo: Editora Unesp; 2011.
Liao Y, Knoesen NP, Castle DJ, Tang J, Deng Y, Bookun R, Chen X, Hao W, Meng G, Liu T. Symptoms of disordered eating, body shape, and mood concerns in male and female Chinese medical students. Compr Psychiatry. 2010;51(5):516-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.11.007 PMID:20728010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.11.007
Sopezki D, Vaz CE. O impacto da relação mãe-filha no desenvolvimento da autoestima e nos transtornos alimentares. Interaçao Psicol. 2008;12(2):267-75. https://doi.org/10.5380/psi.v12i2.7831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5380/psi.v12i2.7831
Amaral TM, Ferreira RA. Anorexia e bulimia - um transtorno alimentar: não se trata disso. Rev Med Minas Gerais. 2008;18(4 Suppl 1):5-12. https://rmmg.org/artigo/detalhes/1394
Dantas JL, Oliveira MCD. Anorexia nervosa: uma visão do tratamento multidisciplinar. Brasília: Centro Universitário de Brasília; 2019. https://repositorio.uniceub.br/jspui/handle/prefix/14585
Crow SJ. Pharmacologic treatment of eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2019;42(2):253-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2019.01.007 PMID:31046927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2019.01.007
Donnelly B, Touyz S, Hay P, Burton A, Russell J, Caterson I. Neuroimaging in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a systematic review. J Eat Disord. 2018;6:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0187-1 PMID:29468065 PMCID:PMC5819247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0187-1
Kisely S, Baghaie H, Lalloo R, Johnson NW. Association between poor oral health and eating disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2015;207(4):299-305. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156323 PMID:26429686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156323
Brelet L, Flaudias V, Désert M, Guillaume S, Llorca PM, Boirie Y. Stigmatization toward people with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder: a scoping review. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2834. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082834 PMID:34444994 PMCID:PMC8400545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082834
Atalayer D, Gibson C, Konopacka A, Geliebter A. Ghrelin and eating disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013;40:70-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.08.011 PMID:22960103 PMCID:PMC3522761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.08.011
Kotilahti E, West M, Isomaa R, Karhunen L, Rocks T, Ruusunen A. Treatment interventions for severe and enduring eating disorders: systematic review. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(8):1280-302. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23322 PMID:32488936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23322
Starr TB, Kreipe RE. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: brains, bones and breeding. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16(5):441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0441-4 PMID:24705938 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0441-4
Mourilhe C, Moraes CE, Veiga GD, Luz FQ, Pompeu A, Nazar BP, Coutinho ESF, Hay P, Appolinario JC. An evaluation of binge eating characteristics in individuals with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite. 2021;162:105176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105176 PMID:33639247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105176
Svaldi J, Schmitz F, Baur J, Hartmann AS, Legenbauer T, Thaler C, von Wietersheim J, de Zwaan M, Tuschen-Caffier B. Efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2019;49(6):898-910. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718003525 PMID:30514412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718003525
Halmi KA. Perplexities of treatment resistance in eating disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:292. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-13-292 PMID:24199597 PMCID:PMC3829659 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-292
Sacchetti S, Robinson P, Bogaardt A, Clare A, Ouellet-Courtois C, Luyten P, Bateman A, Fonagy P. Reduced mentalizing in patients with bulimia nervosa and features of borderline personality disorder: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19:134. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2112-9 PMID:31060534 PMCID:PMC6501333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2112-9
Matherne CE, Watson H, Fassnacht DB, Ali K, Zerwas S, Peat C, Runfola C, Levine MD, Marcus MD, Zimmer B, Moessner M, Crosby R, Bulik CM. An exploratory investigation of predictors of outcome in face-to-face and online cognitive-behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2022;30(4):373-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2898 PMID:35474624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2898
Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB, Crosby RD, Smith TL, Klein MH, Mitchell JE, Crow SJ. A randomized controlled comparison of integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT) and enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E) for bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med. 2014;44(3):543-53. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001098 PMID:23701891 PMCID:PMC5551978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713001098
Matheson BE, Gorrell S, Bohon C, Agras WS, Le Grange D, Lock J. Investigating early response to treatment in a multi-site study for adolescent bulimia nervosa. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:92. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00092 PMID:32184746 PMCID:PMC7058584 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00092
Kahn C, Pike KM. In search of predictors of dropout from inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2001;30(3):237-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.1080 PMID:11746282 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.1080
Mahon, J. Dropping out from psychological treatment for eating disorders: what are the issues? Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2000;8(3):198-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0968(200005)8:3%3C198::AID-ERV356%3E3.0.CO;2-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0968(200005)8:3<198::AID-ERV356>3.0.CO;2-3
Peake KJ, Limbert C, Whitehead L. Gone, but not forgotten: an examination of the factors associated with dropping out from treatment of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2005;13(5):330-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.645
Sicchieri JMF, Santos MA, Santos JE, Ribeiro RPP. Avaliação nutricional de portadores de transtornos alimentares: resultados após a alta hospitalar. Ciênc Cuid Saude. 2007;6(1):68-75. https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/CiencCuidSaude/article/view/4975/3226
Lopes CM, Rodrigues Junior OM. A influência da mídia no comportamento alimentar entre os adolescentes: transtornos alimentares anorexia nervosa e a bulimia nervosa. Res Soc Dev. 2022;11(13):e404111335648. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35648 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35648
Bacaltchuk J, Hay P. Tratamento da bulimia nervosa: síntese das evidências. Braz J Psychiatry. 1999;21(3):184-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44461999000300012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44461999000300012
Appolinario JC, Bacaltchuk J. Tratamento farmacológico dos transtornos alimentares. Braz J Psychiatry. 2002;24 Suppl 3:54-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462002000700012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462002000700012
Appolinario JC, Claudino AM. Transtornos alimentares. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2000;22 Suppl 2:28-31. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462000000600008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462000000600008
Silva TAB, Vasconcelos FMN, Ximenes RCC, Sampaio TPA, Sougey EB. As terapias cognitivo-comportamentais no tratamento da bulimia nervosa: uma revisão. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2015;64(2):160-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000072 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000072
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Eating disorders: core interventions in the treatment and management of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related eating disorders. Leicester (UK): British Psychological Society; 2004. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49304/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK49304.pdf PMID:23346610
Latterza AR, Dunker KLL, Scagliusi FB, Kemen E. Tratamento nutricional dos transtornos alimentares. Rev Psiquiatr Clin. 2004;31(4):173-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832004000400009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832004000400009
Borges NJBG, Sicchieri JMF, Ribeiro RPPP, Marchini JS, Santos JE. Transtornos alimentares - quadro clínico. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto). 2006;39(3):340-8.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v39i3p340-348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v39i3p340-348
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Departamento de Atenção Básica. Guia alimentar para a população brasileira. 2. ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2014. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_alimentar_populacao_brasileira_2ed.pdf
Claudino AM, Zanella MT. Guias de transtornos alimentares e obesidade. [Barueri]: Manole; 2005.
Silva NA. Avaliação das alterações anatômicas cerebrais em adolescentes com bulimia nervosa: um estudo de neuroimagem [tese]. [Recife]: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2018. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/32307
Bohon C, Stice E. Reward abnormalities among women with full and subthreshold bulimia nervosa: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44(7):585-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20869 PMID:21997421 PMCID:PMC3111910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20869
Sakata I, Yang J, Lee CE, Osborne-Lawrence S, Rovinsky SA, Elmquist JK, Zigman JM. Colocalization of ghrelin O-acyltransferase and ghrelin in gastric mucosal cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;297(1):E134-41. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90859.2008 PMID 19401456 PMCID:PMC2711663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90859.2008
Kojima M, Kangawa K. Ghrelin: structure and function. Physiol Rev. 2005;85(2):495-522. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00012.2004 PMID:15788704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00012.2004
Troisi A, Di Lorenzo G, Lega I, Tesauro M, Bertoli A, Leo R, Iantorno M, Pecchioli C, Rizza S, Turriziani M, Lauro R, Siracusano A. Plasma ghrelin in anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder: relations with eating patterns and circulating concentrations of cortisol and thyroid hormones. Neuroendocrinology. 2005;81(4):259-66. https://doi.org/10.1159/000087923 PMID:16131812 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000087923
Philippi ST, Alvarenga M. Transtornos alimentares: uma visão nutricional. [Barueri]: Manole; 2004.
Bo-Linn GW, Santa Ana CA, Morawski SG, Fordtran JS. Purging and calorie absorption in bulimic patients and normal women. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99(1):14-7. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-1-14 PMID:6190422 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-1-14
Fairburn CG, Harrison PJ. Risk factors for anorexia nervosa. Lancet. 2003;361(9372):1914. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13529-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13529-5
Pallier A, Karimova A, Boillot A, Colon P, Ringuenet D, Bouchard P, Rangé H. Dental and periodontal health in adults with eating disorders: a case-control study. J Dent. 2019;84:55-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.03.005 PMID:30876949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.03.005
Carvalho TS, Colon P, Ganss C, Huysmans MC, Lussi A, Schlueter N, Schmalz G, Shellis RP, Tveit AB, Wiegand A. Consensus report of the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry: erosive tooth wear--diagnosis and management. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(7):1557-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1511-7 PMID:26121968 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1511-7
Lo Russo L, Campisi G, Di Fede O, Di Liberto C, Panzarella V, Lo Muzio L. Oral manifestations of eating disorders: a critical review. Oral Dis. 2008;14(6):479-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01422.x PMID:18826377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01422.x
Fonagy P, Luyten P, Moulton-Perkins A, Lee YW, Warren F, Howard S, Ghinai R, Fearon P, Lowyck B. Development and validation of a self-report measure of mentalizing: the reflective functioning questionnaire. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0158678. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158678 PMID:27392018 PMCID:PMC4938585 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158678
Bora E, Kose S. Meta-analysis of theory of mind in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a specific İmpairment of cognitive perspective taking in anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(8):739-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22572 PMID:27425037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22572
Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Owen C, Beumont PJ. Temporal stability of the eating disorder examination questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord. 2004;36(2):195-203. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20017 PMID:15282689 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20017
Allport FH. The structuring of events: outline of a general theory with applications to psychology. Psychol Rev. 1954;61(5):281-303. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062678 PMID:13204492 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062678
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Camila Lima Ferreira, Diva Peçanha da Silva, Gabriela dos Santos Sant'Anna da Silva, Vitoria Arcanjo de Oliveira Prazeres
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Debates em Psiquiatria permite que o (s) autor (es) mantenha(m) seus direitos autorais sem restrições. Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0) - Debates em Psiquiatria é regida pela licença CC-BY-NC
