Diretrizes da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria para o manejo do comportamento suicida: fluxograma geral, pós-venção, prevenção e promoção
tradução revisada e ampliada de: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0994 e https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1108
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2024.v14.1263Palavras-chave:
Suicídio, tentativa de suicídio, distúrbios mentais, diretriz, suicídio consumadoResumo
O suicídio é um grave problema de saúde pública com profundos impactos emocionais, sociais e econômicos. Este artigo aborda três estratégias essenciais para enfrentar essa questão: pós-venção, prevenção e promoção da saúde mental. Pós-venção envolve intervenções após um suicídio, oferecendo suporte às pessoas afetadas para mitigar traumas e prevenir novos casos. Programas de apoio psicológico e grupos de ajuda mútua são eficazes na redução do impacto negativo em famílias e comunidades. Prevenção consiste na identificação e redução de fatores de risco antes das tentativas de suicídio. Isso inclui triagem de risco, intervenções psicoterapêuticas, tratamento farmacológico e campanhas educativas que promovem a conscientização e reduzem o estigma dos transtornos mentais. O treinamento de profissionais de saúde e educação é crucial para a detecção precoce e intervenção. Promoção da saúde mental visa fortalecer fatores protetores e melhorar o bem-estar psicológico. Políticas públicas eficazes, acesso a serviços de saúde mental de qualidade e a criação de ambientes sociais e educacionais que promovam resiliência e apoio emocional são fundamentais. Iniciativas incluem programas de educação emocional nas escolas e campanhas comunitárias de conscientização. Este artigo enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada que combine pós-venção, prevenção e promoção para o manejo eficaz do comportamento suicida, apresentando evidências e recomendações para a prática clínica e implementação em políticas públicas de saúde.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Leonardo Baldaçara, Cintia de Azevedo-Marques Périco, Flavia Ismael Pinto, Roberta Rossi Grudtner, Elie Leal de Barros Calfat, Gislene Alves da Rocha, Deisy Mendes Porto, Verônica da Silveira Leite, Kelly Pereira Robis, Thiago Marques Fidalgo, Alexandre Paim Diaz, Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva Meleiro, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Humberto Corrêa da Silva Filho, João Quevedo, Teng Chei Tung, Antônio Geraldo da Silva
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