Directrices de la Asociación Brasileña de Psiquiatría para el manejo de la conducta suicida: diagrama de flujo general, postvención, prevención y promoción

traducción revisada y ampliada de: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0994 y https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1108

Autores/as

  • Leonardo Baldaçara Professor, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, UFT, Palmas, TO, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-8515
  • Cintia de Azevedo-Marques Périco Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-5101
  • Flavia Ismael Pinto Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-9318
  • Roberta Rossi Grudtner Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-6706
  • Elie Leal de Barros Calfat Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Irmandade da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-1056
  • Gislene Alves da Rocha Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
  • Deisy Mendes Porto Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-358X
  • Verônica da Silveira Leite Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil; Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-3219
  • Kelly Pereira Robis Departamento de Psiquiatria, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
  • Thiago Marques Fidalgo Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-5228
  • Alexandre Paim Diaz Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
  • Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva Meleiro Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
  • Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
  • Humberto Corrêa da Silva Filho Professor Titular, Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-6413
  • João Quevedo Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
  • Teng Chei Tung Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-2445
  • Antônio Geraldo da Silva Pós-Doutor em Medicina Molecular, Presidente, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-7076

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2024.v14.1263

Palabras clave:

Suicidio, suicidio consumado, intento de suicidio, desordenes mentales, guía

Resumen

El suicidio es un grave problema de salud pública con profundos impactos emocionales, sociales y económicos. Este artículo aborda tres estrategias esenciales para abordar este tema: posvención, prevención y promoción de la salud mental. La posvención implica intervenciones después de un suicidio, ofreciendo apoyo a los afectados para mitigar el trauma y prevenir más casos. Los programas de apoyo psicológico y los grupos de ayuda mutua son eficaces para reducir el impacto negativo en las familias y comunidades. La prevención consiste en identificar y reducir los factores de riesgo ante los intentos de suicidio. Esto incluye detección de riesgos, intervenciones psicoterapéuticas, tratamiento farmacológico y campañas educativas que promuevan la conciencia y reduzcan el estigma de los trastornos mentales. La formación de profesionales de la salud y la educación es crucial para la detección e intervención tempranas. La promoción de la salud mental tiene como objetivo fortalecer los factores protectores y mejorar el bienestar psicológico. Son fundamentales políticas públicas efectivas, el acceso a servicios de salud mental de calidad y la creación de entornos sociales y educativos que promuevan la resiliencia y el apoyo emocional. Las iniciativas incluyen programas de educación emocional en las escuelas y campañas de concientización comunitaria. Este artículo enfatiza la necesidad de un enfoque integrado que combine posvención, prevención y promoción para el manejo efectivo de la conducta suicida, presentando evidencia y recomendaciones para la práctica clínica y la implementación en políticas de salud pública.

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Biografía del autor/a

Leonardo Baldaçara, Professor, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, UFT, Palmas, TO, Brasil

Cintia de Azevedo-Marques Périco, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil

Flavia Ismael Pinto, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil

Roberta Rossi Grudtner, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Elie Leal de Barros Calfat, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Irmandade da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Gislene Alves da Rocha, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil

Deisy Mendes Porto, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Verônica da Silveira Leite, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil; Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Kelly Pereira Robis, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

Thiago Marques Fidalgo, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Alexandre Paim Diaz, Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA

Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva Meleiro, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

Humberto Corrêa da Silva Filho, Professor Titular, Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

João Quevedo, Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA

Teng Chei Tung, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, SP, Brasil

Antônio Geraldo da Silva, Pós-Doutor em Medicina Molecular, Presidente, Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, ABP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

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Publicado

2024-07-08

Cómo citar

1.
Baldaçara L, Périco C de A-M, Pinto FI, Grudtner RR, Calfat EL de B, Rocha GA da, Porto DM, Leite V da S, Robis KP, Fidalgo TM, Diaz AP, Meleiro AMA da S, Malloy-Diniz LF, Silva Filho HC da, Quevedo J, Tung TC, da Silva AG. Directrices de la Asociación Brasileña de Psiquiatría para el manejo de la conducta suicida: diagrama de flujo general, postvención, prevención y promoción: traducción revisada y ampliada de: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0994 y https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1108. Debates em Psiquiatria [Internet]. 8 de julio de 2024 [citado 22 de diciembre de 2024];14:1-15. Disponible en: https://revistardp.org.br/revista/article/view/1263

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