ADHD in preschoolers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2012.v2.1009Keywords:
preschool student, ADHD, diagnosis, treatmentAbstract
ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a extremely well-researched disorder with superior validity that of most mental disorders and higher including that of many medical conditions (AMA Council for Scientific Affairs, 1998 ). According to Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) North American psychiatric symptoms and disorders “they start early in life and are chronic”. Growing evidence in show that children of preschool age (between 3 and 6 years old) age) may have serious mental health problems, interfering with their emotional development. Among the disorders psychiatric disorders identified in preschool, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are the most studied. Studies suggest that psychiatric diagnosis in preschool persists into school age and, therefore, justifies the need for early intervention. The persistence of the diagnosis was related to a number of factors, including low family cohesion, socioeconomic status and negative life events.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Goldman L, Genel M, Bezman R, Slanetz P. Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder in children and adolescents. JAMA 1998; 2791100-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.14.1100
Polanczyk G, Horta B, Lima M, Biederman ), Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:942-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942
Campbell S. Behavior problems in preschool children: a review of recent research. ) Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995 36:113-149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01657.x
Wichstron L. et al. ) Child Pycholog Psychiatry, 2011 Dec 29. doi: 10.1111/. 1469-7610
Egger HL, Angold A. Common emotional and behavioral disorders im preschool | children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. ) Child Psychol Psychiarry 2006 47/313-337, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x
Luby ), Tandom M. Assessing the Preschool-Age Child. In Dulcan MK, Dulcan's Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. American Psychiatric Publishing, 2009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9781585623921.md02
Lavigne JV, Arend R, Rosenbaum D, et al: Psychiatric disorders with onset in the preschool years, |: stability of diagnoses. | Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998 37:1246-1254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199812000-00007
Lavigne JV, Arend R, Rosenbaum D, et al: Psychiatric disorders with onset in the preschool years, Il: correlates and predictors of stable case status. | Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998 37:1255-1261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199812000-00008
Greenhill LL. Diagnosing | attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. ) Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 (suppl 7):31-41
Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney ), et alThree-year predictive validity of DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children diagnosed at 4-6 years of age. Am ) Psychiatry 2004 161:2014-2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2014
Gadow KD, Sprafkin ), Nolan EE: DSM-IV symptoms in community and clinic preschool children. ) Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001 40:1383-1392 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200112000-00008
Angold A, Egger H, Erkanli A, Keeler G. Prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in preschoolersattending a large pediatric service. Unpublished manuscript, 2005.
Wilens TE, Biederman ), Brown S, e cols: Patterns of psychopathology and dysfunction in clinically referred preschoolers. ] Dev Behav Pediatr 2002 23:531-S36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200202001-00006
Posner K, Melvin GA, Murray D, et al. Clinical presentation of ADHD in preschool children: The Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). ) Child & Adol Psychopharm 2007 7;547-562,
Egger HL, Keeler G, Angold A. Preschool ADHD in pediatric primary care. Unpublished manuscript, 2006
Egger, H.L, Erkanli, A, Keeler, G, Potts, E., Walter, B, & Angold, A. The test-retest reliability of the preschool! age psychiarric assessment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000205705.71194
Willoughby, M. T. Curran, P.). Costello, E. ). & Angold, A. (2000). Implications of early versus late onset of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2000, 39, 1512-1519. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200012000-00013
Mark A. Riddle. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology.2007 Nov 175: 543-546.10.1089/cap.200717501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2007.17501
Vitiello B, Abikoff HB, Chuang SZ, et al. Effectiveness of methylphenidate in the 10-month continuation phase of the Preschoolers with attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorders treatment study (PATS). ) Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:593 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2007.0058
Luby ), editor. Handbook of Preschool Mental Health: Development Disorders and Treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 2006.
Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, et al. Pediarrics. 2011 Nov; 128(5):1007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2654
Bellani M. et al. Language Disturbances in ADHD, Epidemiol Psychiarric Sci. 2011 Dec; 20(4): 311-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796011000527
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Gabriela Dias, Fabio Barbirato
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Debates em Psiquiatria allows the author (s) to keep their copyrights unrestricted. Allows the author (s) to retain their publication rights without restriction. Authors should ensure that the article is an original work without fabrication, fraud or plagiarism; does not infringe any copyright or right of ownership of any third party. Authors should also ensure that each one complies with the authorship requirements as recommended by the ICMJE and understand that if the article or part of it is flawed or fraudulent, each author shares responsibility.
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) - Debates em Psiquiatria is governed by the licencse CC-By-NC
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
