El trabajo en turnos de noche y el riesgo de síntomas psiquiátricos: una comparación entre los turnos rotativos de noche y los turnos de día
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25118/2763-9037.2023.v13.701Palabras clave:
trabajo nocturno, síntomas psiquiátricos, sueño, horario de trabajo por turnos, alteración del ritmo circadiano, dépression, ansiedad, trastorno bipolar, esquizofreniaResumen
Introducción: el sueño está controlado por una interacción entre osciladores circadianos y homeostáticos que dictan el estado de vigilia y sueño de acuerdo con el ciclo de luz/oscuridad. Actualmente, los tiempos de sueño y vigilia están influenciados por las condiciones sociales como la escuela, el horario laboral y los turnos de trabajo, esta interrupción del ciclo circadiano puede influir negativamente en el comportamiento físico y mental de la población. Trabajar por turnos está directamente asociado con trastornos psiquiátricos, como ansiedad, depresión, irritabilidad y nerviosismo. Objetivo y Método: Dados los impactos socioeconómicos y el deterioro de la salud mental del individuo generado por el trabajo por turnos, esta revisión tuvo como objetivo, con base en el análisis de artículos científicos publicados entre 2012 y 2022, evaluar el impacto del trabajo nocturno en la salud mental en comparación con el trabajo por turnos típico de la jornada. Resultados y Conclusión: El trabajo por turnos es una organización laboral importante que emplea del 10 al 30% de la fuerza laboral, pero interrumpe los horarios de sueño, lo que lleva a una desalineación entre el ritmo circadiano del individuo y el medio ambiente. Aunque es difícil establecer vínculos causales entre el trabajo por turnos y los efectos sobre la salud, la restricción del sueño y los cambios en los ritmos de comportamiento son factores de riesgo para los trastornos psiquiátricos. El manejo de la exposición individual es vital para preservar la salud mental de los trabajadores, especialmente teniendo en cuenta la edad, el género y el cronotipo. Sin embargo, las limitaciones operativas pueden dificultar su implementación en algunos lugares de trabajo.
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Derechos de autor 2023 André Rodrigues da Cunha Barreto-Vianna, Luana Cariello de Sá Queiroz Rocha, Letícia Rocha Macambira Albuquerque, Matheus Girão Bezerra de Oliveira Nogueira, Sarah Gurgel Ponte Fontenelle, Gabriela Braga Cabrera Mano, Ana Beatriz Penazzi Magalhães Porto, Júlio César Claudino dos Santos
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